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A free printable for anyone with an IRA or 401(k)

At 73, the IRS decides your minimum withdrawal.Here's the whole schedule, age by age.

Required minimum distributions start at about 3.8% of your balance and climb to over 8% by 90, generally all taxable if your account is pre-tax, whether you need the money or not. The printable shows the full IRS schedule from 73 to 95, what each age forces out per $1,000,000 of balance, the 25% penalty rules, and a worked example of the IRS draining a $1M account by design. From Jim Swiech, CPA.

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The full 73-to-95 schedule: divisor, percentage, and dollars per $1M of balance
The worked example: how the IRS drains a $1,000,000 IRA even with zero growth
The rules: start ages by birth year, the 25%/10% penalty, which accounts are exempt
The planning window: the moves (Roth conversions, QCDs, sequencing) that only work BEFORE 73
Jim Swiech, CPA
Jim Swiech, CPA

18+ years helping Western New York families make sense of complex tax and retirement decisions. Based in Lockport, most clients are within an hour's drive.

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Quick answers

At what age do required minimum distributions start?
Age 73 if you were born from 1951 through 1959, and age 75 if you were born in 1960 or later. Your first RMD can be delayed until April 1 of the year after you reach that age, but then two distributions land in one tax year, which often pushes retirees into a higher bracket.
What is the penalty for missing an RMD?
An excise tax of 25% of the amount you should have withdrawn, reduced to 10% if you correct the shortfall within two years. The IRS can also waive it for reasonable cause if you file Form 5329 with an explanation, but you have to ask.
Which accounts have no required minimum distributions?
Roth IRAs during the owner's lifetime, and since 2024, Roth 401(k) and other Roth workplace accounts. Traditional IRAs, SEP and SIMPLE IRAs, 401(k)s, 403(b)s and 457 plans all require them. That difference is the reason Roth conversions before 73 shrink the problem: money moved to a Roth is never forced out on the IRS's schedule.

Updated . Reviewed by Jim Swiech, CPA.

This printable is educational and general in nature, it is not tax, legal, or investment advice. Figures use the IRS Uniform Lifetime Table; owners with a spouse beneficiary more than 10 years younger use a different table. Start ages reflect SECURE 2.0 and current IRS regulations. Outcomes depend on your specific facts. Go Beyond Tax is a brand of Swiech Consulting LLC.